海平面上升对珠江三角洲水资源的影响

本文简要分析了全球海平面上的升的原因，预测了珠江三角洲地区海平面可能上升的数值，调查分析了珠江三角洲水资源利用和保护现状及存在的问题，探讨了海平面上升给水资源利用和保护带来的影响，主要从城镇供水，农业灌溉，水环境污染，城镇排水，水生生态的改变５个方面进行分析，并提出了相应的对策。     

厦门西海域磷的研究

本文综合了厦门西海域Ｐ的研究结果。在分析水体和沉积物中各形态Ｐ的含量及变化的基础，对Ｐ循环体系作了全面探讨，着眼于海水－生物－颗粒物、海水－沉积物界面的相互作用过程以及九龙江水，污水的输送和大气的沉降。Ｐ与赤潮的关系也在此作初步讨论。     

The Composition of PM10 as collected by a Conventional TEOM, a Modified TEOM and a Partisol Gravimetric Monitor at a Kerbside Site in the North East of England

The composition of airborne particulate matter sampled by a conventional TEOM^®, an experimental modified TEOM, operated at a lower temperature but fitted with a drier to remove moisture and a Partisol^®, installed at a kerbside site in the North East of England, has been investigated. The results indicate that there is a seasonal variation in the composition of PM₁₀ as sampled by the three monitors, with chloride concentration being significantly higher in the winter. The Partisol was found to sample a higher mass of chloride and nitrate, however the differences between the monitors was only significant for chloride. Both TEOM's were found to sample a greater mass of sulphate, although the variability in the data collected meant that significance of the results was not proven statistically. The range of artifacts associated with PM₁₀ monitors is reviewed. Difficulties in the interpretation of results due to the variable nature of airborne particulate matter and the ability of filter based systems to accurately represent the composition of atmospheric particles are considered.     

Concentrations of Cadmium, Mercury and Selenium in Blood, Liver and Kidney of Common Eider Ducks from the Canadian Arctic

We determined concentrations of selected trace elements inlivers, kidneys and blood samples from common eiders (Somateria mollissima borealis) from the eastern Canadianarctic during 1997 and 1998. Concentrations of totalmercury and organic mercury were generally low in the liversof these birds (less than 6 and 4 g g^–1 dry wt,respectively). Selenium ranged between 11–47 g g^–1 inlivers. Renal cadmium concentrations were among the highestever published for this species (range: 47–281 g g^–1). The regressions of log-transformed concentrations ofthese trace elements in blood samples on those in liver orkidney were significant (all P-values < 0.05) andpositive. However, except for organic mercury (RM ² = 0.83), the co-efficients of determination were low tomoderate (range of R ²: 0.26–0.52), suggesting poorto moderate predictive capability. Furthermore, therelationships between total mercury in blood and liverchanged between 1997 and 1998, suggesting that it would notbe possible to predict consistently, concentrations ofmercury in blood from those in liver based on samples takenin one year. Blood samples can be used to determineconcentrations of these trace elements in common eiders (andprobably other sea duck species as well). The use of bloodsamples is especially warranted when it is undesirable tokill the animal such as when working with rare or endangeredsea duck species or when the objective is to relate traceelement exposure to annual survival rates. However, thepredictive equations developed here should not be used topredict expected concentrations in one type of tissue fromthose in the other.     

燃煤电厂排出的有害痕量元素对大气环境影响的评价

文章阐述了我国东部某燃煤电厂使用的煤在燃烧过程中元素的主要组成和分布。根据在电厂周围地区采集的大气颗粒物中主要元素的组成和模式计算结果，对燃煤电厂排出的颗粒物中有害元素给大气环境可能造成的影响进行了评价。     

包装方式对工业废盐填埋过程的影响

工业废盐安全填埋过程常因包装不到位而产生高浓度渗滤液,从而增加了尾排处理难度.本文探究了模拟降雨情景下包装方式差异对工业废盐填埋过程的具体影响.结果发现,工业废盐填埋过程中使用内膜袋有效密封包装作为填埋场前处理十分必要,其对工业废盐填埋过程的保护作用非常显著.有内膜包装情形下,盐分的溶出量仅为无塑料内膜保护下的0.15%.然而一旦包装或隔离设施不到位或者未达到标准,可能引发显著的高于预期的二次污染风险.同时,研究发现工业废盐填埋过程中有机物的迁移速率显著快于其他污染物,盐分释放主要表现为氯离子的迁移.包装方式不同导致模拟填埋柱的沉降高度差异十分明显,因此,工业废盐的不完全包装预处理不仅可能引发严重的二次污染,还可能引发填埋场的滑坡和塌陷的风险.     

中国边缘海柱样沉积物中239+240Pu的分布与时标价值

根据中国边缘海已研究的77根^239+240Pu柱样沉积物,分析了柱样沉积物中^239+240Pu的来源、分布和时标特征.结果表明理论上给出的利用²¹⁰Pb、¹³⁷Cs和^239+240Pu 3种核素进行定年可能出现的26种情况,与实际情况完全吻合.中国边缘海海陆交汇,柱样沉积物中不同来源的^239+240Pu沉积叠加使得近岸海域（尤其是河口区）柱样沉积物中^239+240Pu的峰型轮廓明显.从近岸到远海,受到沉积物来源方式、海水深度、黑潮混合、扩散效应和边界清除效应等综合因素的影响,柱样沉积物中^239+240Pu的分布可能出现双峰（多峰）、单峰和无峰的情况.其中,柱样中^239+240Pu呈现单峰分布时,与全球大气沉降的高峰年1963年相对应,时标价值可靠.不同海洋环境条件下²¹⁰Pb、¹³⁷Cs和^239+240Pu定年的可靠性,应根据具体海洋沉积环境进行分析;海水中¹³⁷Cs和^239+240Pu核素沉积性质的差异,可能导致沉积峰不一致而影响定年的判断.     

Remediation of saline–sodic soil with flue gas desulfurization gypsum in a reclaimed tidal flat of southeast China

Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization(FGD)-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River estuary.Exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP), exchangeable sodium(ExNa), p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral(7.0). The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na~+, HCO_3~-+ CO_3~(2-)and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca~(2+)and SO_4~(2-). Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising.     

空气中沙尘粒子粒度监测方法研究

目的研究适用于空气中沙尘粒子粒度监测方法。方法对比研究迎风拦截采集和沉降采集两种采样方式的采集效果和样本差异,讨论湿法激光粒度分析法和扫描电镜粒度分析法两种方法的准确性和适用性。结果沉降采集获得的样品量要大于迎风拦截采集,两种采集方式获得样品的粒度分布也存在显著差异。在沙尘样本粒度分析上,湿法激光粒度分析较扫描电镜分析更为适用。结论可结合沉降采集与迎风拦截采集进行沙尘样本采集,利用湿法激光粒度分析掌握其粒度分布。     

Si对低合金钢耐海水腐蚀性能影响的电化学研究

目的研究Si对低合金钢耐海水腐蚀性能的影响。方法采用真空电弧炉冶炼了不同硅含量的低合金钢,通过极化试验研究钢在海水中的腐蚀特性。采用交流阻抗和线性极化研究锈层对钢的保护作用,并对夹杂物进行SEM及EDAX分析。结果当硅的质量分数小于0.9%时,其在海水中的腐蚀速度随硅的质量分数增加而增加;当硅的质量分数大于0.9%时,其在海水中的腐蚀速度随硅含量的增加而减小。随浸泡时间延长,钢的耐蚀性降低。结论 Si的质量分数为0.9%时,钢耐蚀性的最好,锈层对钢的腐蚀不具有保护作用。